Task 2. Answer the questions

1. What were the first robots originally designed for? 2. What industries use automation technologies? 3. What do the abbreviations CAM and CAD stand for?

Task 3. Read the text “Automation” and discuss the following questions in group.

a) How is the term automation defined in the text?

b) What is the most «familiar example» of automation given in the text?

c) What was the first step in the development of automaton?

d) What was the first industry to adopt the new integrated system of production?

e) What is feedback principle?

f) What is FMS?

Task 4. Give English equivalents for the following Ukrainian word combinations.

1) автоматичні пристрої

2) автоматизоване виробництво

3) виконувати прості задачі

4) як легкі, так і важкі деталі

5) інтегрована система виробництва

6) принцип зворотного зв’язку

7) механізм може розганятися та сповільнюватися

8) комп’ютер автоматично посилає команди

9) високоавтоматизована система

10) невиробнича система

Task 2. Answer the questions - student2.ru Task 5. Read and translate the text.

Types of Automation

Manufacturing is one of the most important application areas for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.

Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs high initial investments and high production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.

Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be re-programmed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program.

Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive, in flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.

Task 2. Answer the questions - student2.ru Vocabulary:

equipment — обладнання

initial — первинний, початковий

investment — інвестиція, вклад

assembly machines — складальні машини

quantity — кількість

non-productive — непродуктивний

to facilitate — сприяти

changeover — перехід, переналагодження

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