Find the following phrases in the text and provide their Russian equivalents.
investment flows have tripled, foreign capital stocks; to sustained poverty reduction; comprehensive and systematic approach; to incorporate feedback; underpinning a healthy environment for all investors; neither prescriptive nor binding; substantial influence over; provision of management; helping advance; to be continually revised; revamped and reworked; propelling developing economies forward; to bridge the gap in global inequality.
7. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian phrases in the text.
извлечь выгоду из инвестиций; главная сила, стимулирующая глобализацию; сейчас в два раза больше, чем ВВП; мощный катализатор; один из самых надежных путей; новые силы, изменяющие глобальный инвестиционный ландшафт; повысить доходность корпораций; создать действительно привлекательную, надежную и конкурентную среду; установить связь между инвестиционными целями и конечными результатами; добиваться согласованности.
Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F) or Not Stated (NS) according to the text.
1.The PFI is either prescriptive or binding.
2.Private investment is acting as one of the surest ways to sustained poverty reduction in Latin America.
3.The PFI helps governments to implement policy reforms to create a truly attractive environment for small- and medium-sized firms.
4.The PFI is underpinning a healthy environment for some investors, from large- and medium-sized firms to multinational enterprises.
5.Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment made by a country in business interests in another country.
6.The PFI emphasizes transparency and the protection of property rights.
7.The PFI helps multinational enterprises to raise corporate profitability.
8.The PFI has been updated to incorporate feedback from the international investment policy community.
9.Cross-border investment flows have doubled over the last year.
10.The PFI aims to maximize the broader development impact from investment.
Read more about Government Investment Policy. Choose from the paragraph A-H the one which fits each gap 1-8.
A. public investment.
B.. all levels of government
C.. across levels of government
D.to help governments at all levels
E. Challenges in framework conditions
F.different capacities.
G. Co-ordination challenges
H..Capacity challenges
The impact of public investment depends to a significant extent on how governments manage it. Three systematic challenges for the multi-level governance of public investment hinder the achievement of the best possible outcomes:
1. _________:
Cross-sector, cross-jurisdictional and intergovernmental co-ordination are necessary, but difficult in practice. Moreover, the constellation of actors involved in public investment is large and their interests may need to be aligned.
2. __________:
Where the capacities to design and implement investment strategies are weak, policies may fail to achieve their objectives. Evidence suggests public investment and growth outcomes are correlated to the quality of government, including at the sub-national level.
3. _________:
Good practices in budgeting, procurement and regulatory quality are integral to successful investment, but not always robust or consistent across levels of government.
All countries are confronted by these challenges, whatever the institutional context (in federal countries, or highly centralised countries) since mutual dependency across levels of government for public investment holds true in all countries.
The purpose of the Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government is 4.______ assess the strengths and weaknesses of their public investment capacity, using a whole-of-government approach, and set priorities for improvement.
The Recommendation is organized around three pillars:
Pillar A: Co-ordinate public investment 5.________ and policies.
This pillar focuses on the importance of seeking and creating complementarities in policies and programmes across policy sectors, vertically across levels of government, and horizontally among sub-national governments to increase the effectiveness of public investment.