Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. 1)

Числительные.

4. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.

5. Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Indefinite. Повелительное - наклонение и его отрицательная форма.

6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are),

7. Основные случаи словообразования.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)

Грамматическая функция окончания -s

1. The students at- Студенты

tend lectures and посещают лекции и

seminars on the His- семинары по исто-

tory of the CPSU. рии КПСС.

Lectures — множественное число от имени существительного а lecture лекция.

2. Не lectures on political economy Он читает лекции по политической экономии.

Lectures —3-е лицо единственного числа от глагола to lecture в Present Indefinite.

3. My brother's son is a student. Сын моего брата — студент.

В слове brother's 's — окончание притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе.

My brothers' sons Сыновья моих

are students. братьев - студенты.

Слово brothers' — форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного a brother во множественном числе.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К УПР. II)

Особенности перевода на русский язык английских имен существительных, употребляющихся в функции определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом.

1. The scientist works at some problems of low temperature physics. - Этот ученый работает над некоторыми проблемами физики низких температур.

2. This girl studies Эта девушка

at the Patrice Lu- учится в универси-

mumba Friendship тете Дружбы наро-

University. дов имени Патриса Лумумбы.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 3 (К УПР. V)

Lomonosov Ломоносов осно-

founded the first вал первый русский

Russian University in университет в Моск-

Moscow. ве.

Founded — Past Indefinite Active от стандартного глагола to found.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:.

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The "Big Ben" clock weighs 13.5 tons.

2. Most of London's places of interest are situated to the north of the river Thames. *

3. Hyde Park covers 360 acres.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. The bus stop is not far from here.

2. Several Moscow University physicists work at this problem.

3. There are only daylight lamps in this room.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1.One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul's Cathedral.

2. This room is smaller than that one.

3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. At some of the London Underground stations there are lifts, others have escalators.

2. Any student of our group can speak on the history of London.

3. No park in London is as popular as Hyde Park.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1. This student first came to Moscow in 1985.

2. The Port of London is to the east of the City.

3. In a few days she will leave for Leningrad.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведшие 1,2,3,6 и 7-Й абзацы.

London

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. It lies in the South, East of England on both banks of the river Thames. London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest port and industrial town in England. London is more than twenty centuries old.

2. The heart of the capital is the City. The territory of the City is only about one square mile, but it is the financial and business centre of the country. It contains almost all important English banks and offices.

3. The West End of London is famous for its beautiful monuments and palaces, fine parks, fashionable shops and big hotels. The East End is quite different from the West End. It is the^чdistrict of factories, plants and docks. The narrow streets and poor houses of the East End present a contrast to the homes of the rich people in the West End.

4. There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with the Nelson monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful buildings in London. It contains the memorials of many famous citizens of Britain.

5. Across the road from Westminster Abbey are the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British government.

6. The Tower of London is one of the most interesting places in London. It was a fortress, a royal residence, a prison, now it is a museum.

7. London is famous for its green parks. Hyde Park is the most popular of them. It is the greatest park in London as well.

8. London is the centre of the country's cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums there. The National .Gallery houses a priceless collection of paintings. The famous British Museum is one of the best museums in the world. In the library of the British Museum Karl Marx worked at his "Capital", V.I. Lenin worked there too. There he gathered the material for his work on "Materialism and Empiriocriticism".

VII. Прочитайте 8-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

Who worked in the library of the British Museum?

1. Prominent scientists worked there.

2. A number of writers gathered materials for their works there.

3. Karl Marx and V.I. Lenin worked in the library of that museum.

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного:

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Tallinn exports a great variety of goods.

2. Last month my friend read a very interesting book on Tallinn's history.

3. The inhabitants of Tallinn are fond of their city.

1. The students of our group will go to the State History Museum tomorrow.

2. This is the building of the Tallinn City Soviet.

3. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training at the Sports Centre of Tallinn.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Kadriorg is one of the most favourite parks of the Tallinners.

2. The more I thought of that plan, the less I liked it.

3. Your translation is better than mine.

1. Some 350 people attend a yachting school in Tallinn.

2. Does he know any foreign language?

3. Any exhibit of this museum is valuable.

1. One of Tallinn's farmacies functions for more than 550 years.

2. The construction of the Tallinn Town Hall began in the first decades of the 14th century.

3. In two years my brother will become an engineer.

VI. Прочитайте и устно Переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й и 2-й абзацы.

TALLINN

1. Tallinn is the capital of Estonia. It is an industrial town. Half of all the industrial products of the Republic comes from Tallinn's enterprises. They produce a great variety - of articles such as electric motors, electrotechnical equipment, furniture, skis, toys, fabrics, perfumes, drugs, sweets, tinned foods, etc. The industrial output of Tallinn's enterprises increases steadily. This increase is the result of high labour productivity due to mechanization, automation and the application of modem technology.

2. Tallinn is an old city. It retails many features of its architecture and landscape and its cosy atmosphere. The streets of the Old Town are very narrow, the buildings are ancient, many of them date back to the 15th century. Nowadays they have all modern conveniences and house museums, theatres, shops and restaurants. The Old Town is the seat of the Republic's government, several Ministries and the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. The area of the Old Town makes up less than one percent of Tallinn's territory.

3. Thousands of Tallinn's residents live in new districts. Each of them has attractions of its own: one district borders on thick pine groves, another faces a lake, a third offers a magnificent view on the Guff of Finland. The district of Mustamae is one of the youngest in the city. Almost a quarter of Tallinn's population resides in the district. At Mustamae there are two institutes: the Tallinn Polytechniсal Institute and the Chemistry Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R. There are also numerous schoolhouses, kindergartens and service centres there.

4. Tallinn has Europe's Gold Medal for preservation of architectural relics. Perhaps no other city of Northern Europe preserves the beauty of its past so lovingly. With its charming mixture of the old and the new Tallinn creates an unforgettable impression.

VII. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why does Tallinn create an unforgettable impression?

1... because the tempo of its construction is great.

2.... because it is a major industrial centre.

3.... because it charmingly combines the old and the new.

ВАРИАНТ 3

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The lecturer gave several examples of the Sevastopol scientists' international ties.

2. The foundation of Sevastopol dates back to 1783.

3. The author mentions this phenomenon in his article.

1. His father was one of the leaders of the partisan movement during World War II.

2. The reporter spoke about the fulfilment of the Food Programme in the region.

3. Not long ago our family moved into a large three-room flat

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The more I studied the English language, the more I liked it.

2. My friend is one of the best students of our group.

3. This room is smaller than that one.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложений на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. No student of that group studies Spanish.

2. Some five hundred people were present at the meeting.

3. Have you any books on chemistry?

1. The dean will come here later.

2. The student made no mistakes in his translation.

3. Plasma is the fourth state of matter.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 6-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите их.

Пояснение к тексту

1. yard - верфь

SEVASTOPOL

1. In translation from the Greek Sevastopol means "a magnificent city", "a city of glory". That is realty so. Sevastopol's history has many glorious chapters. Everybody knows about the defence of Sevastopol during the Crimean war (1853-1856). The sailors, soldiers and the entire population fought against the enemy. Lev Tolstoy wrote about it in his "Sevastopol Sketches".

2. We know and remember the defence of Sevastopol in the Great Patriotic War. It continued for 250 days and cost the nazi invaders 300,000 officers and men.

3. After the fascist invasion Sevastopol was in ruins. There were only a few buildings in the centre of the city. Today Sevastopol stretches for dozens of kilometres.

4. Sevastopol is a naval city. It yards¹ build passenger ships and^ repair merchant vessels. They build powerful floating cranes as well.

5. Sevastopol is also a research centre. Scientists of the country's oldest Institute of Biology of Southern Seas investigate the World Ocean. They have modern expeditionary Ships at their disposal.

6. A museum-city is yet another name of Sevastopol. Monuments of culture, memorials, obelisks and sculptural groups form an organic part of its image.

7. There is an entry in the visitors' book of the Panorama of the 1854-1855 defence of Sevastopol: "Malakhov Hill is a small hill, but what a good view opens from it of Russia, the whole Soviet Union, the entire history of its people and their historic exploit."

VII. Прочитайте 7-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What is the entry in the visitors' book of the Panorama of the 1854-1855 defence of Sevastopol?

ВАРИАНТ 4

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The first mention of the city on the Volga dates back to 1589.

2. The doors of the Volgograd Young People's Theatre are always open to children of school age.

3. Both Soviet and foreign artists take part in the performances of the Volgograd circus.

1. During its four-century-old history the city experienced several dramatic events.

2. Volgograd is now a five-sea port.

3. The 40-meter-high arch which is the entrance to the Volga-Don Navigation Canal rises in the south of Volgograd.

Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The Volga Hydro-Electric Power Station is the biggest in Europe.

2. The more experiments we carry out, the more data we obtain.

3. Volgograd is one of the most beautiful cities of the Soviet Union.

1. Any monument in Volgograd has its own history.

2. Nobody knew anything about this experiment.

3. The flames of some streets and squares are living history of the heroic city.

1. Volgograd rose from its ashes more beautiful than before.

2. The entire country took part in the restoration of the hero-city.

3. The beautiful modem city of Volgograd is the best monument to the heroes who defended the city on the Volga during the Great Patriotic War.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3 и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

1. railway terminal - железнодорожный вокзал

2. age-long dream — вековая мечта

3. vocational school-ПТУ

VOLGOGRAD

1. Volgograd stands on the beautiful Volga. The city is about four hundred years old. The rapid development of industry and trade, river and railway transport in the 19th century led to the intensive growth of the city. During the Civil War of 1918-1920 the city on the Volga became the scene of decisive battles in the fight for the victory of the Revolution in our country. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 earned the city the immortal glory of a hero-city.

2. The entire country participated in the restoration of the hero-city. The heroic labour of millions of people helped the city to rise from its ashes. And the best monument to the heroes who defended the city on the Volga is the beautiful modern city, wide squares and prospects, its parks and gardens. The city grows from year to year.

3. Today Volgograd is one of the biggest industrial centres: many industrial enterprises, large and small, function here. An endless stream of steel, aluminium, oil and steel cables, tractors, medical equipment and building materials, river boats and chemical products flows day and night from the ports and railway terminals¹ of Volgograd to all corners of our country and abroad.

4. The Volga Hydro-Electric Power Station is the biggest in Europe. The total capacity of its aggregates exceeds 15 million kilowatts. The opening of the Volga-Don Navigation Canal named after V.I. Lenin meant the realization of an age-long dream² of the people to join two great rivers - the Volga and the Don. Volgograd is now a port of five seas.

5. Volgograd is also a cultural centre. There are higher and secondary educational institutions, a lot of vocational schools³ and schools of general education there. Many foreign students from the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America live and study in Volgograd. There are some theatres, a circus and a planetarium in the city.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

Who studies in educational institutions of Volgograd?

ВАРИАНТ 5

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Novopolotsk chemical works produces polyethylene and nitron.

2. A well-known scientist works at this plant.

3. The workers' hostel is within 20 minutes' walk from the plant.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Novopolotsk is a young people town.

2. We have a large State library in our city.

3. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber products.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The average age of the Novopolotsk inhabitants is the youngest in Byelorussia.

2. The more often you visit Novopolotsk, the more you like it.

3. Automatic devices make labour safer and easier.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений!

1. We saw no old buildings in Novopolotsk.

2. Almost any building of Novopolotsk is attractive.

3. There are some educational institutions in Novopolotsk.

1. The Novopolotsk Polytechnical Institute is more than ten years old.

2. Novopolotsk came into existence as a town of chemistry.

3. The young town of Byelorussian oil chemists grows from day to day.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

l. to come into existence т- появиться

2. refinery - нефтеперерабатывающий завод

3. vocational school-ПТУ

4. to go in for sports — заниматься спортом

NOVOPOLOTSK

1. Novopolotsk is one of the youngest towns of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. It is on the Dvina river. It came into existence¹ as a town of chemistry. There are four large industrial enterprises here: the chemical works "Polymer", the vitamin works, the measuring devices plant and the refinery.² Thousands of workers work at these plants. Many of them combine work and study. The population of the town constantly increases. It is a town of young people.

2. The construction of Novopolotsk and its unique industrial complex became a vivid example of the great friendship of the peoples of our country. A large number of workers and specialists came here from all parts of our country.

3. The town becomes larger from year to year. The gigantic cranes all over the town are an evidence of the huge scale of construction in Novopolotsk. The town is quite modern with its beautiful five- and nine-storey buildings, numerous kindergartens, cinemas, restaurants and Palaces of Culture. It is clean and attractive with its wide streets and parks. There are many shops, a number of libraries, a local museum and some hotels.

4. The majority of young people in Novopolotsk study. There are many secondary schools, vocational and technical schools³ and a polytechnical institute in Novopolotsk. The Novopolotsk Poly-technical Institute is more than ten years old.

5. Many of the citizens go in for sports⁴. There are several swimming pools, a stadium and more than seventy sporting grounds at the disposal of those who are fond of sports. The inhabitants of the town have every possibility to have a nice rest. They can walk in the forest, swim and fish in the river, or wander near picturesque lakes. There is a new park on the bank of the Dvina river.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Where is there a new park in Novopolotsk?

1. It is in the centre of the town.

2. It is near the picturesque lakes.

3. It is on the bank of the river.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог—формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous(Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);б) пассивный залог— формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагол a can-to be able; б) выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты, to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund - герундий, простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. 1)

a) Lobachevsky's Геометрия Ло-

geometry had revolu- бачевского произве-

tionized mathematics ла коренное изме-

and the philosophy of нение в математике

science. и философии науки.

had revolutionized - Past Perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize.

6) The new Вчера послали

laboratory equipment за новым оборудо-