Match the following Russian and English sentences. Pay attention to the verbs of the Passive voice (see Appendix 2.3).

1. Изучается новая проблема. 2. Была исследована причина снижения урожайности. 3. Описаны преимущества этого метода. 4. Обсуждаются конструкция и рабочие характеристики прибора. 5. Получены предварительные данные. 6. Была определена структура этого устройства. 7. Эти данные изучались во всех подробностях. 8. Проводилось тщательное изучение этого явления. 9. Полученные данные подтверждают значение такого эксперимента. a. А thorough study of the phenomenon was made. b. The advantages of the method are outlined. c. The design and operating conditions of the device are discussed. d. This data were investigated in detail. e. The structure of this device was determined. f. A new problem is studied. g. Preliminary data have been obtained h. A cause of the decrease in crop yield has been investigated. i. The results obtained confirm the importance of such anexperiment.

Complete the following sentences with appropriate verbs in the Passive voice.

study establish discuss conclude analyze describe determine compute find propose investigate

1. Possibilities of new methods are … .

2. The fact of increasing the quality of erosion control has been …

3. The results obtained are … .

4. From the results it is … that… .

5. All the advantages of graphical methods have been … .

6. Soil conditions are … .

7. The structure of this device was … .

8. The sequence of operations has been… .

9. The results of the experiment were … .

10. It has been … that… .

11. Another method of treatment is … .

Rewrite the sentences in the Passive voice.

1. We investigated the formation of spring cereal grains.

2. The paper studies some properties of this substance.

3. The author gives the data which are concerned with crop rotation.

4. We found an approach to the problem.

5. The investigation deals with the problem of properties of this substance.

6. The author has analyzed the material obtained.

7. We have considered a series of programs.

8. The paper considered a series of standard programs.

9. The authors developed some theoretical models.

Translate the verbs and put them in the appropriate tense form of the Passive voice given in brackets.

1. (Были получены) the results of the experiment (Past Ind.).

2. (Была проанализирована) the structure of crop rotation (Past. Ind.).

3. (Определена) the sequence of operations (Pr. Perf.).

4. (Рассматривается) a new method of erosion control (Pr. Ind.).

5. (Исследуется) the loss of natural organic fertilizer (Pr. Ind.).

6. (Изучено) water consumption of this crops (Pr. Perf.).

7. (Обсуждается) organic agriculture (Pr. Ind.).

8. (Было описано) the harmful effects of deforestation (Past. Ind.).

9. (Рассматривается) the rоle of the meteorological conditions (Pr. Ind.).

10. (Был проанализирован) the method of integrating the equation (Pr. Perf.).

11. (Определяется (путем оценки) dry grain weight of the crops (Pr. Ind.).

12. (Вычислено) the content of nitrogen in winter wheat grain (Pr. Perf.).

Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.

1. В статье описывается теоретическое обобщение всех данных, полученных … .

2. Автором дано обоснование для применения новой методики.

3. В статье представлено научное описание эксперимента.

4. Были получены предварительные результаты.

5. Обсуждаются результаты экспериментов.

6. Обнаружено, что они подтверждают существующую гипотезу.

7. Аналогичные результаты были получены путем дальнейшего экспериментирования.

8. Предлагается (рекомендуется) еще один метод обработки.

9. Рекомендуется новый метод очистки.

Write an informative abstract of your own article using the key patterns and word combinations (see Appendix 1.3).


Unit 4. Making and delivering a presentation

Vocabulary

- выступление, презентация – presentation

- обзорный доклад – informative report

- демонстративный доклад – indicative report

- введение – introduction

- основная часть – body

- заключение – conclusion

- выступающий – speaker / presenter

- цель выступления – purpose of presentation

- визуальные пособия – visual aids

- аудитория – audience

- содержание презентации – content of presentation

- структура презентации – structure of presentation

- подача материала – presentation delivery

- раздаточный материал – handout

- круговая диаграмма – pie chart

- столбчатая диаграмма – bar chart

- график – graph

- таблица – table

Text 1: Making a scientific presentation

Like scientific papers, oral presentations at a conference or internal seminar are for sharing your research work with other scientists. They, too, must convince the audience that the research presented is important, valid, and relevant to them. To this end, oral presentations – like papers – must emphasize both the motivation for the work and the outcome of it, and they must present just enough evidence to establish the validity of this outcome. Also like papers, they must aim to inform, not impress.

In contrast, presentations differ from papers in at least three ways: they are more localized in space and time, they impose a sequence and rhythm to the audience, and they normally include some level of interaction. These three differences affect the selection of presentation content.

Structure is even more important in presentations than it is in written reports, and needs to be emphasized at frequent intervals. One of the most common formats for presenting reports is: a welcoming and informative introduction (opening); a series of the main points presented in a logical sequence (body), purposeful conclusion (closing).

In its intent and structure, the opening of an oral presentation is similar to the introduction of a scientific paper, which provides the context, need, task, and object of the document. The opening of a presentation can best state the main message of the presentation, just before the preview. The main message is the one sentence you want your audience to remember, if they remember only one. It is your main conclusion, perhaps stated in slightly less technical detail than at the end of your presentation.

Organize your main points and subpoints into a logical sequence, and reveal this sequence and its logic to your audience with transitions between points and between subpoints. As a rule, place your strongest arguments first and last, and place any weaker arguments between these stronger ones.

After supporting your main message with evidence in the body, wrap up your oral presentation in three steps: a review, a conclusion, and a close. First, review the main points in your body to help the audience remember them and to prepare the audience for your conclusion. Next, conclude by restating your main message (in more detail now that the audience has heard the body) and complementing it with any other interpretations of your findings.

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