Higher education in russia and abroad
ME AND MY EDUCATION.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
АКТИВНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В ТАБЛИЦАХ
Переведите на русский язык
| Word | Examples/explanations |
| Graduate | Graduate from university |
| A graduate | A graduate of Oxford university/ a graduate In economics |
| A postgraduate | He's a postgraduate student |
| An undergraduate | Undergraduates receive a grant |
| A fresher | Life can be difficult for freshers |
Level of degrees
| Word | Meaning/example |
| A first degree | The degree undergraduates do |
| A bachelor's degree | A synonym for a first degree |
| A master's (degree) | He is doing a master's in politics |
| A PhD or a doctorate | Only a few students go on to do a PhD |
Notes and common mistakes
• you can only receive a degree for a full course at university; do not use "diploma" and "certificate" to mean degree
• the piece of paper you receive when you graduate is a certificate
Types of education
| Type of education | Explanation |
| Higher education | University education |
| Further education | Normally for more vocational courses and may start from the age of 16 |
| Adult education | This is normally for non-degree programmes and often is part-time |
Notes
• if you receive a degree from a university, you are in higher education
• if you receive a diploma or certificate, you are in further education
Types of course
| Phrase | Example |
| A Full-lime degree course | Most students follow a full-time degree course |
| A part-time degree course | if you are in full-time employment, a part-time may be more suitable |
| A distance course | In the age of the internet, more and more people are studying by distance |
| A sandwich course | if you want practical experience, a sandwich course is the best option |
Institutions
| Place | Explanation |
| A faculty | Part of a university which specializes in the teaching of one subject, e.g. 'the Law Faculty" |
| A college | Part of a university in British English which students belong to for social activities |
| A college of further education | An alternative to university. Where you normally study something vocational |
| A polytechnic | An alternative word for university in some cultures; sometimes one step below university |
| Law school | where you study law after you graduate and before you start practising law |
| Medical school | The name of the medical faculty in many universities |
Forms of learning
| Learning process | Explanation |
| Lecture | The students make notes and listen to the lecturer. There may be a question and answer session at the end. |
| Seminar | Often led by a student on a particular topic. Normally, the idea is everyone gets the chance to talk. Often follows a lecture |
| Tutorial | Sometimes teaching one-to-one with a tutor and sometimes the same as a seminal |
Notes and common mistakes
• a lecturer gives or delivers a lecture and is sometimes used as a rank of university teacher
• a tutor is in charge of a seminar or tutorial
• we don't use "class" or "lesson" in university education (although Americans do use "class")
Finance
| Word | Example |
| Scholarship | She won a scholarship for her dissertation. |
| Grant | Because she came from a poor background, she was given a grant by local government |
| Loan | Almost all British undergraduates now have student loans that they need to repay when they start earning |
Notes
• a scholarship is won for academic merit
• typically a grant is awarded either for a particular project or to allow a student to follow a course
Types of writing
| Form of writing | Explanation |
| Thesis | The paper you write at the end of your PhD |
| Dissertation | The paper you write at the end of your master's (and some first degree courses) |
| Assignment | This is the university equivalent of homework |
Some informal "university" verbs - useful in speaking
| Verb | Examples |
| Do | I'm doing law at Bristol University |
| Study | I'm studying maths at Beijing University |
| Major | I'm majoring In English |
| Be | I'm at the LSE. |
| Go | He's going to university next year |
| Leave | Ileft university 20 years ago. |
| Finish | I'm going to finish my course next year |
· To fail means that you did not pass your test. Failure is the noun form. '40% of students failed the test. The other 60% passed.'
· Retakemeans to take an exam you failed in the past for a second time. As a noun retakes mean the exams which are held again for students who did not pass them the first time around. 'Retakes will be held in February for all those students who did not get 40% on the last test.'' Don't worry you will be able to retake this exam if you don't pass.'
Torevise means to study before a test. Revision is the noun form. 'I'm going to stay in tonight and revise for Monday's test.'
· Semester / Term are used to mean the periods of the school year. The school year is usually divided into three terms / semesters: Spring, Autumn and Winter. 'At this school each semester is 12 weeks long.' Admission to colleges and universities
· To admit — to allow entry; to give entrance or access
· To be admitted to a university, to be accepted by a university
· Admission — the act or process of admitting
· To apply for admission She applied for admission to Moscow University.
· Applicant/a candidate
· Apprenticeship – training in an art or a trade
· To major – to specialize in (a particular academic field)
· A major – the main field of study in which a university student specializes
· To minor – to have a secondary specialization in (a particular academic field)
· A minor – the secondary field of study in which a student specializes
· B.A. – Bachelor of Arts, an undergraduate degree in a humanities-related subject
· B.S. – Bachelor of Science, an undergraduate degree in a science-related subject
· Master’s– the graduate degree after a bachelor's and before a Ph.D. There are also different kinds of master's, including M.A. (Master of Arts), M.S. (Master of Science), M.B.A. (Master in Business Administration), etc.
· Ph.D. – doctorate, highest graduate degree
Текст 1
Текст 2
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA
In their last year of high school, students often apply to more than one college or university. Each college or university in the USA has its own requirements for admission.' Most colleges and universities require applicants take a standard entrance exam: the American Collegic Test (ACT) or the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). SAT must be taken in your senior year in high school. It is given on a certain day in December or January at a local college. The test takes a whole day. There are three parts: Math, English and Logic. Every student gets a book with questions. The book is divided into sections, with about 70 questions each. Each of the three subjects has a maximum of 800 points. The lowest score for getting into university is 550. The University Admission Office takes into consideration:
1. The applicants' high school grades (transcripts),
2. Recommendations from high school teachers,
3. Applicants' scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and ACT,
4. The impression they make during interviews at the university.
The system of higher education in the USA consists of four categories of institutions: universities, four-year colleges, technical training institutions and two-year community colleges.
Depending on the source of financing higher education institutions may be either public (state-supported) or private. The amount of money you have to pay depends on whether you go to a private college or a state university. At a private college the tuition is higher. Overall they are much the same as state universities. The subjects are divided into compulsory and optional. The subject the student specializes in is called a "major". Optional subjects are called "electives". Every student is assigned an "academic adviser" or a "faculty adviser" who will help the student decide on a plan of study based on his/her goals and the requirements for a degree.
Four years of undergraduate study at a university's "undergraduate schools" or colleges lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B. A) or Bachelor of Science (B. S.) degree. "Graduate schools", which are part of a university or are separate institutions, offer advanced programs which lead to a master's (M. A. or M. S.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) or Doctor of Education (Ed. D.) degree.
Junior colleges, technical colleges, and community colleges are two-year
institutions, usually public, offering technical training and a basic academic
program. „
Some junior and community colleges award only an Associate of Arts (A. A.) degree without specifying a major. Other junior, technical and community colleges award A. A. degrees to liberal arts students and A. S. (Associate in Science) or A. A. S. (Associate in Applied Science) degrees to students who major in science or practical technology. After receiving an A. A., A. S. or A. A. S. degree, many students transfer to four-year colleges or universities to complete the requirements for a bachelor's degree.
Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте.
условия приема, общепринятый вступительный экзамен в американские вузы, приемная комиссия университета, школьный экзамен на проверку способностей, четырехгодичный колледж, государственные вузы, частные вузы, основной предмет, назначать советника (куратора), продвинутые программы, доктор образования, колледж начального высшего образования, местный колледж, степень (диплом) выпускника гуманитарного местного колледжа или колледжа начального высшего образования с двухлетним курсом обучения, общеобразовательный курс в американских колледжах и университетах, переводиться в вузы с четырехлетним курсом обучения, завершить обучение для получения степени бакалавра
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What are general requirements for admission to US colleges and universities?
2. What types of higher education institutions are there in the USA?
3. What degrees do American colleges and universities award after four years of study?
4. What degrees do graduate schools award?
5. What degrees do junior colleges and community colleges award?
Текст 3
ME AND MY EDUCATION.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
АКТИВНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В ТАБЛИЦАХ
Переведите на русский язык
| Word | Examples/explanations |
| Graduate | Graduate from university |
| A graduate | A graduate of Oxford university/ a graduate In economics |
| A postgraduate | He's a postgraduate student |
| An undergraduate | Undergraduates receive a grant |
| A fresher | Life can be difficult for freshers |
Level of degrees
| Word | Meaning/example |
| A first degree | The degree undergraduates do |
| A bachelor's degree | A synonym for a first degree |
| A master's (degree) | He is doing a master's in politics |
| A PhD or a doctorate | Only a few students go on to do a PhD |
Notes and common mistakes
• you can only receive a degree for a full course at university; do not use "diploma" and "certificate" to mean degree
• the piece of paper you receive when you graduate is a certificate
Types of education
| Type of education | Explanation |
| Higher education | University education |
| Further education | Normally for more vocational courses and may start from the age of 16 |
| Adult education | This is normally for non-degree programmes and often is part-time |
Notes
• if you receive a degree from a university, you are in higher education
• if you receive a diploma or certificate, you are in further education
Types of course
| Phrase | Example |
| A Full-lime degree course | Most students follow a full-time degree course |
| A part-time degree course | if you are in full-time employment, a part-time may be more suitable |
| A distance course | In the age of the internet, more and more people are studying by distance |
| A sandwich course | if you want practical experience, a sandwich course is the best option |
Institutions
| Place | Explanation |
| A faculty | Part of a university which specializes in the teaching of one subject, e.g. 'the Law Faculty" |
| A college | Part of a university in British English which students belong to for social activities |
| A college of further education | An alternative to university. Where you normally study something vocational |
| A polytechnic | An alternative word for university in some cultures; sometimes one step below university |
| Law school | where you study law after you graduate and before you start practising law |
| Medical school | The name of the medical faculty in many universities |
Forms of learning
| Learning process | Explanation |
| Lecture | The students make notes and listen to the lecturer. There may be a question and answer session at the end. |
| Seminar | Often led by a student on a particular topic. Normally, the idea is everyone gets the chance to talk. Often follows a lecture |
| Tutorial | Sometimes teaching one-to-one with a tutor and sometimes the same as a seminal |
Notes and common mistakes
• a lecturer gives or delivers a lecture and is sometimes used as a rank of university teacher
• a tutor is in charge of a seminar or tutorial
• we don't use "class" or "lesson" in university education (although Americans do use "class")
Finance
| Word | Example |
| Scholarship | She won a scholarship for her dissertation. |
| Grant | Because she came from a poor background, she was given a grant by local government |
| Loan | Almost all British undergraduates now have student loans that they need to repay when they start earning |
Notes
• a scholarship is won for academic merit
• typically a grant is awarded either for a particular project or to allow a student to follow a course
Types of writing
| Form of writing | Explanation |
| Thesis | The paper you write at the end of your PhD |
| Dissertation | The paper you write at the end of your master's (and some first degree courses) |
| Assignment | This is the university equivalent of homework |
Some informal "university" verbs - useful in speaking
| Verb | Examples |
| Do | I'm doing law at Bristol University |
| Study | I'm studying maths at Beijing University |
| Major | I'm majoring In English |
| Be | I'm at the LSE. |
| Go | He's going to university next year |
| Leave | Ileft university 20 years ago. |
| Finish | I'm going to finish my course next year |
· To fail means that you did not pass your test. Failure is the noun form. '40% of students failed the test. The other 60% passed.'
· Retakemeans to take an exam you failed in the past for a second time. As a noun retakes mean the exams which are held again for students who did not pass them the first time around. 'Retakes will be held in February for all those students who did not get 40% on the last test.'' Don't worry you will be able to retake this exam if you don't pass.'
Torevise means to study before a test. Revision is the noun form. 'I'm going to stay in tonight and revise for Monday's test.'
· Semester / Term are used to mean the periods of the school year. The school year is usually divided into three terms / semesters: Spring, Autumn and Winter. 'At this school each semester is 12 weeks long.' Admission to colleges and universities
· To admit — to allow entry; to give entrance or access
· To be admitted to a university, to be accepted by a university
· Admission — the act or process of admitting
· To apply for admission She applied for admission to Moscow University.
· Applicant/a candidate
· Apprenticeship – training in an art or a trade
· To major – to specialize in (a particular academic field)
· A major – the main field of study in which a university student specializes
· To minor – to have a secondary specialization in (a particular academic field)
· A minor – the secondary field of study in which a student specializes
· B.A. – Bachelor of Arts, an undergraduate degree in a humanities-related subject
· B.S. – Bachelor of Science, an undergraduate degree in a science-related subject
· Master’s– the graduate degree after a bachelor's and before a Ph.D. There are also different kinds of master's, including M.A. (Master of Arts), M.S. (Master of Science), M.B.A. (Master in Business Administration), etc.
· Ph.D. – doctorate, highest graduate degree