EXERCISE 10e, Review — Complete the sentences with these nouns from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one
| breakdown, 5 breakout, 9 | holdup, 7 hookup, 9 | put-on, 1 setup, 5 | takeoff, 1 |
1. The pilot said that the _takeoff_ would be on time.
2. There was a __breakdown___ on the highway, and traffic was barely moving at all.
3. A cable __hookup__ is usually $39.95, but this month it's free.
4. The guards suspected the prisoners were planning a _breakout_.
5. Waiter, we've been waiting for our dinner for an hour. What's the _holdup__?
6. I told my lawyer that it was a _setup__ and that I was innocent.
7. When the detectives came and arrested Hank, we didn't think it was real —just a big put-on
EXERCISE 10f, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
| catch up, 9 chicken out, 9 | get along, 9 give up, 9 | hook up, 9 pick out, 8 | talk down to, 3 work up, 9 |
1. Don't try to run ten miles at first; you have to work up__ to it.
2. After searching for three days without any luck, the rescue team gave up_ on finding any survivors.
3. The police showed me some pictures to see if I could pick out_ the guy who mugged me.
4. You go to the bank, I'll go to the post office, and we'll hook up__ with each other at the corner in forty-five minutes.
5. I wasn't happy about having Nancy for a partner on the project. I don't get along___ with her.
6. Just because you went to college and I didn't, doesn't make it okay for you to talk down to_me.
7. The teacher said, "Your daughter has missed a lot of school, and she'll need to work hard to catch up_ to the rest of the class."
8. Maria got scared and_chickened out__of jumping off the high diving board.
11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns
As we saw in Section 10, many two-word phrasal verbs can be used as nouns. Many. of these nouns formed from two-word phrasal verbs can be combined with ordinary nouns to form compound nouns:
noun: backup compound noun: backup disk
noun: follow-up compound noun: follow-up call
Like ordinary compound nouns, the first noun has a function similar to that of an adjective:
question: What kind of clothes?
answer: Dirty clothes.
adjective
question: What kind of clothes?
answer: Workout clothes.
noun
The adjective dirty and the noun workout serve the same function: modifying the noun clothes. Always accent the first word in a compound noun:
noun:BACKup compound noun:BACKupdisk
noun:FOLLOW-up compound noun:FOLLOW-up call
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| backup | ||||
| back up & backs up | backing up | backed up | backed up |
1. back... up p.v. When you walk backward, you backup. When you drive a vehicle in reverse, youback up orback the vehicleup.
The fire was so hot that we had toback up.
I put the car in reverse andbacked itup.
2. back up p.v. When you are explaining something, and you repeat something that you already said, youback up.
You're going too fast. Can youback up a little and explain your plan again?
Sorry, I forgot part of the story. Let meback up a little.
3. back... up p.v. When you make a claim or statement and then show people evidence or give them information proving that the claim or statement is true or correct, youback itup.
No one believed Jim's accusations because he couldn'tback themup with any evidence.
The IRS asked me for some receipts toback up my deductions.
4. back... up p.v. When you support people in a conflict or a confrontation, youback themup. When you support people by doing some work or a difficult assignment, you back themup.
Linda said she wouldback meup if I complained about our supervisor.
The generalbacked up his threats with 400,000 soldiers.
Jerry is the bar's main bartender, and Tanyabacks himup when it gets busy.
backup n. Someone or something that supports or is ready to provide support in a conflict or a confrontation by doing some work or a difficult assignment is abackup.
When the rioters grew more violent, the police called forbackup.
The firefighter entered the burning building without abackup.
5. back... up p.v. When you duplicate important information, such as a computer program or data, so that you will still have it if the original information is lost or damaged, youback itup.
If you're going to install that new software, be sure youback up your entire hard disk first.
Iback my workup every day before I go home.
backup n. A duplicate of important information, such as a computer program or data, is abackup.
/ keep abackup of my important computer files on floppy disks.
The major gave abackup copy of the battle plan to his secretary.
backed up part.adj. After you duplicate important information/such as a computer program or data, the original isbacked up.
/ accidentally erased your book from your computer. I hope your work was backed up.
6. back... up p.v. When a piece of equipment or machinery is very important and another is kept available in case the one that is normally used fails, the second piece of equipment or machinerybacks up the first.
The hospital bought a generator toback up the unreliable city power supply. We kept the old computer toback the new oneup.
backup n. When a piece of equipment or machinery is very important and another is kept available in case the one that is normally used fails, the second piece of equipment or machinery is abackup.
The skydiver checked his main parachute and hisbackup before the flight. The school had to dose when the main power and thebackup both failed.
7. back... up p.v. When somethingbacks up, it is being prevented from moving, progressing, or flowing normally.
An accidentbacked up traffic for three miles. The assembly line is going toback up if Erik doesn't get the parts he needs soon.
backup n. A backup is a situation in which something is being prevented from moving, progressing, or flowing normally.
/ sat in thatbackup for three hours without moving an inch. The huge number of Christmas cards and packages caused abackup at the post office.
backed up part.adj. When something is being prevented from moving, progressing, or flowing normally, it isbacked up.
Let's take the train downtown. Traffic is alwaysbacked up at this time of the morn in a.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| cut off | ||||
| cut off & cuts off | cutting off | cut off | cut off |
1. cut... off p.v. When you completely remove part of something with a knife, saw, or pair of scissors, youcut itoff.
Hecut off a piece of cheese so that I could taste it. One of the kings of England had his headcut off.
2. cut... off p.v. When you stop the supply or flow of something, such as water, electricity, or money, youcut itoff or youcut off the people receiving it.
/ won't be surprised if my electricity iscut off— I haven't paid the bill in three months.
The bartender told the drunk guy that she wascutting himoff.
cutoff n. The time when something, such as water, electricity, or money, iscut off is thecutoff, cutoff point, orcutoff date.
/ got a notice saying that if I don't pay my water bill soon, thecutoff datewill be March 10. Ninety is thecutoff— students with lower scores on the exam won't be accepted into the advanced program.
3. cut... off p.v. When you abruptly and rudely drive a vehicle in front of other people's vehicles, causing them to suddenly slow down or stop, youcut themoff.
/ had to slam on the brakes when some jerkcut meoff on the way to work. The lady in the red car tried tocut meoff, but I wouldn't let her get in front of me.
4. cut... off p.v. When someone iscut off while speaking on the telephone, the connection is accidentally broken.
/ was in the middle of an important call when I wascut off.Gettingcut off happens all the time when you're on the phone to China.
5. cut ...off p.v. When you create a physical or psychological barrier between yourself and other people, youcut yourselfoff from them. When you are separated from other people because of a barrier or a great distance, you arecut off from them.
After Dan joined a cult, he completelycut himself off from his family and friends. A flash floodcut us off from the rest of the expedition.
cutoff part.adj. When you are separated from other people because of a barrier or a great distance, you arecutoff.
The bridge was destroyed by the earthquake, and now we'recut off.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| drop off | ||||
| drop off & drops off | dropping off | dropped off | dropped off |
1. drop... off p.v. When you take things or people to another place and leave them there, youdrop themoff.
Can youdrop meoff at the train station on your way to work? Luisdropped off his laundry at the cleaners.
drop-off n. Something that has beendropped off is adrop-off. The place where something or someone isdropped off is a drop-off point,drop off window, and soon.
Luis left his laundry at thedrop-off window. The north side of the train station parking lot is fordrop-offs.
2. drop off p.v. When a business's sales, the occurrence of some event, or the interest some people have in something declines, itdrops off.
Attendance at baseball games has beendropping off in the last few years. After CDs were introduced, sales of recordsdropped off sharply.
drop-off n. A decline in a business's sales, in the occurrence of an event, or intheinterest some people have in something, is adrop-off.
There has been adrop-off in traffic deaths thanks to strict drunk driving laws. Thedrop-off in car sales was explained by the recession.
3. drop off p.v. When the level of the ground declines steeply, itdrops off.
Be careful hiking this trail, itdrops off steeply on the other side of the mountain. The island has no beach at all. The landdrops off straight into the sea.
drop-off n. A steep decline in the level of the ground is adrop-off.
The bus driver didn't see thedrop-off, and the bus plunged into the gorge. It was hard to see thedrop-off because of the dense jungle.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| follow up | ||||
| follow up & follows up | following up | followed up | followed up |
1. follow up (on) p.v. When youfollow up on something, you return to something that was important to you previously because you now have more information or more time or because you want to make sure some effort you made previously is correct or effective.
/ saw a beautiful house with a "for sale" sign and Ifollowed up on it when I got home. The doctor told me I'd need tofollow up the treatment with physical therapy.
follow-up n. A follow-up, follow-up call,follow-up visit, and so on, is a return to something that was important to you previously because you now have more information or more time or because you want to make sure some effort you made previously is correct or effective.
The customer service manager made afollow-up call to make sure I was happy with the repair job. The doctor asked me to see him two months after the operation for afollow-up.
| take out | ||||
| take out & takes out | taking out | took out | taken out |
1. take ... out (of) p.v. When youtake somethingout ortake itout of a container, storage place, or building, you remove it.Put in/into is the opposite oftake out.
/ want totake some booksout of the library tonight. Jaketook out a gun and shouted, "This is a holdup!" Nancytook $500out of the bank.
takeout n. Takeout is food that is taken from a restaurant to be eaten at another location.Carryout andcarry-out food are the same astakeout andtake-out food.
/ don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's gettakeout.Thattake-out chicken is good, but it sure is greasy.
2. take ...out (of) p.v. When you remove something because you do not want it or because it is damaged, youtake itout ortake itout of something.Put in/into is the opposite oftake out.
The teacher said my story would be a lot better if!took this partout of the third paragraph.
The school will be closed while the asbestos insulation is beingtaken outand replaced.
3. take... out (of) p.v. When youtake moneyout ortake money out of a bank or a bank account, you withdraw the money.Put in is the oppositeof take out.
/ had totake moneyout of my savings account to pay for my medical bills.
Nicole's at the banktaking $ 1,000out.
4. take.. .out p.v. When youtake people out/you go with them to do something enjoyable — dinner in a restaurant, a movie, and so on — and pay for it yourself.
What do you think abouttaking Momout for Mother's Day?
Jimtook his girlfriendout last Friday.
5. take.. .out p.v. [informal] When youtake people out, you kill them.
The snipers will try totake out the kidnapper when he opens the door.
The hit mantook Vitoout with a shotgun blast to the head.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| try out | ||||
| try out & tries out | trying out | tried out | tried out |
1. try... out p.v. When youtry somethingout, you try it to see if you want to buy it or to see if you want to start using it regularly.
I'm not going to spend $2,000 on a bicycle unless Itry itout first. You cantry itout for thirty days without any obligation.
tryout n. When you give something atryout,you test it to see if you want to buy it or start using it regularly.
/ gave Betty's new diet atryout, but I actually gained weight.
The airline gave the new plane a thoroughtryout before making a decision.
2. try... out p.v. When youtry peopleout, you give them a chance to show that they can perform a job well before hiring them or before giving them more difficult work to do.
The manager agreed totry himout for a week.
I told the supervisor that if shetried meout, she'd see that I could do the job.
tryout n. When you give people atryout, you give them a chance to show that they can perform a job well before giving them more difficult work to do.
Tryouts for the football team will be next Saturday and Sunday.
If you give Mike atryout, I'm sure you won't be disappointed.
3. try out (for) p.v. When youtry out ortry out for something, you try to show that you can perform a job well in order to get hired.
A lot of guys will try out, but only a handful will make the team.
Daniela's mother told her,"Trying out for the cheerleading squad isn't as important as doing your homework."
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| wake up | ||||
| wake up & wakes up | waking up | woke up | woken up |
1. wake... up p.v. When you stop sleeping, youwake up. When you cause other people to stop sleeping, youwake themup.
AH is so sleepy in class that the teacher mustwake himup every five minutes.
Iwoke up at 2:00 AM and couldn't get back to sleep.
wake-up part.adj. When you are staying at a hotel and you ask the desk clerk to call you at a certain time towake you up, you ask for awake-up call.
/ asked the desk clerk to give me awake-up call at 7:30.
2. wake... up p.v. When you learn something that causes you to understand the truth about something or someone, itwakes youup orwakes youup to the truth about something or someone,
/ used to smoke, but when my best friend died of lung cancer, it reallywoke meup.Hey,wake up! Nicole is lying to you. Can't you see that?
| work out | ||||
| work out & works out | working out | worked out | worked out |
1. work out p.v. When a situationworks out a certain way, it happens that way. When a situation does notwork out, it is not satisfactory.
The switch to the new systemworked out a lot better than anyone expected.
She said that living with her in-laws wasn'tworking out very well.
2. work out p.v. When a situationworks out, the end result is successful.
Yes, I thought your idea was terrible, but I must admit itworked out.
The marriage didn'twork out, and they were divorced after six months.
3. work out p.v. When a calculation or measurementworks out to be a certain amount, this amount is the result of the calculation or measurement.
The cost of the booze we need for the receptionworks out to more than $ 1,500.
The monthly payment on a 6 percent loanworks out to $642.
4. work... out p.v. When youwork out a calculation, measurement, or other problem, you do the work necessary to determine the result of the calculation or measurement or think about how to solve the problem.
Mariaworked out bow much paint we will need for the living room — twenty-five gallons.
I've forgotten how towork out math problems without a calculator.
You need to go to the airport, I need to go to work, and we have only one car. How are we going towork thisout?
5. work out p.v. When youwork out a solution or plan, you decide what to do after careful consideration, either alone or in discussion with other people.
The opposing lawyersworked out a compromise.
I think I'veworked out a way to buy a new car without borrowing money.
6. work out p.v. When you exercise in order to improve your health or physical appearance, youwork out.
Bobworks out in the gym for two hours every night. I'm a fat slob.
I need to startworking out again.
workout n. A series of exercises done in order to improve your health or physical appearance is aworkout. Workout clothes are clothes you wear while exercising.
I'm really sore from thatworkout last night. The trainer designed aworkout for each player on the team.
workout n. When you say that you gave a mechanical device or system aworkout,you mean that you caused it to perform some lengthy or difficult work,
Driving to Alaska sure gave this old truck aworkout.
The snack bar got a realworkout when three buses full of hungry tourists stopped at the same time.