Methods of foreign trade

1. Foreign trade in the Russian Federation may successfully be carried on direct between Russian enterprises and foreign firms and indirect through middlemen:

1) through associations (objedinenijes) and firms of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations

2) through foreign agency firms and

3) through joint Russian-foreign companies abroad. Apart from this it may be carried on at Commodity Exchanges, at auctions, fairs and by tenders.

2. Nowadays in accordance with the policy of restructuring over 2,000 manufacturing enterprises have the right to sign contracts with foreign companies direct through their own import-export departments. Also, joint enterprises are being set up to manufacture products for sale in this country and in third countries (for example a joint venture of the Russia and Yugoslavia to produce consumer goods and souvenirs from plastics set up in 1988, "Lenwest", a Russian-German joint venture for the production of footwear or "Tatoilgas", also Russian-German; "Hightech", a Russian-American joint venture set up in 1998 and many others.

3. Manufacturers may choose to deal in their goods through in­termediaries. It often depends on the kind of merchandise and market available.

The associations (objedenenijes) of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations still deal in raw materials such as oil, gas, ores and some foodstuffs and consumer goods, as well as carry out all kinds of construction work (joint ventures at home and turn-key factories and works abroad).

4. When new markets are to be gained, it may be advantageous to use the services of foreign agents who have a long experience of trading and know the markets in their countries better.

The manufacturing works may set up joint-stock companies in foreign countries and deal in their goods through them. The advantages of this method of trade are the following:

1) They know the market and market fluctuations better.

2) They have their own warehouses in their countries.

3) They may always have the goods and spare parts in stock.

4) They often have facilities to process the goods additionally if necessary, to sort them out and pack.

5) They have a wide well-established marketing network.

2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1) to carry on foreign trade 2) to carry out construction work 3) agency firm 4) commodity exchange 5) manufacturing enterprise (=works) 6) a warehouse 7) to set up a joint venture 8) joint-stock company 9) to deal in raw materials 10) to have goods in stock 11) middleman (syn. intermediary) 12) to gain new markets 13) merchandise 14)consumer goods 15) to process goods 16) facilities 17) market fluctuations 18) marketing network 19) turn-key factory

a) акционерная компания b) завод «под ключ» c) создать совместное предприятие d) склад (товарный) e) товары f) завод-изготовитель g) потребительские товары h) посредническая фирма i) сеть сбыта j) выполнять строительные работы k) осуществлять внешнюю торговлю l) иметь товары на складе / в наличии m) товарная (сырьевая биржа) n) завоёвывать новые рынки o) оборудование, мощности p) колебания цен на рынке q) обрабатывать товары r) торговать сырьём s) посредник

Прочитайте текст «Methods of Foreign Trade» и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1, 3, 4.

5. Найдите ответы на следующие вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы.

Вопросы:

1) How may foreign trade in this country be carried on?

2) What intermediaries do you know?

3) What other methods of foreign trade do you know?

4) What does the choice of the method of trade depend on?

5) Why is trading through agents advantageous?

Ответы:

a) On the kind of merchandise and market available.

b) They have a long experience of trading and know the markets in their countries better.

c) This activity may be done directly between national enterprises and foreign firms and indirectly through intermediaries.

d) Foreign trade may be carried on at commodity Exchanges, at auctions, fairs and by tenders.

e) Foreign economic associations and firms, agency firms and joint ventures abroad.

Подберите английские эквиваленты к следующим русским словам и словосочетаниям.

1) помимо 2) в соответствии с политикой… 3) кроме того, (в начале предложения обычно отделяются запятой) 4) иметь в наличии (на складе) запчасти 5) когда необходимо завоевать новый рынок 6) широкая сеть сбыта участие в торгах (в торговле по тендерам)

a) participation in the by tenders. b) apart from. c) also. d) have spare parts in stock. e) wide marketing network. f) in accordance with the policy. g) when new markets are to be gained.

Контрольная работа № 4.

Вариант № 4.

1. Перевести интернационализмы:

Auction, tender, accurately, practically, standard, contract, metal, role, physical, speculation, international.