Food packaging. Read and retell the text

Packaging makes food easy to handle and identify. It also helps protect them from spilling and from being bruised and broken. In addition, special packaging materials and methods protect foods from air, bacteria, insects, light, moisture, and odors – all of it which might spoil the food. Attractive packing also helps promote the sale of foods. The majority of foods, especially processed ones, are packaged. In most cases, machines pack the food into containers. Packaging is usually the last step in the processing of food.

Food companies use the kinds of packaging that best suit the needs and uses of their products. For example, eggs are packed in thick, sturdy cardboard or plastic cartons to protect them from breaking. Some foods, such as coffee, jelly, and peanut butter, are used a little at a time. They are packed in cans or glass jars that have a resalable lid. Plastic bags and wrap keep air away from meat, bread, potato chips, and many other foods. Such dairy products as milk and cottage cheese are packed in plastic containers that protect them from air and light.

In vacuum packing, a pump removes almost all the air from a package. Sometimes, a gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide is then pumped into the package to flush away any remaining air. Then the package is sealed.

Packaging may also make home preparation or use of food easier. For example, many frozen foods can be cooked in boil-in plastic bags, microwave-usable containers, or in aluminum trays. Aerosol cans dispense whipped cream, and plastic squeeze bottles dispense ketchup and mustard.

Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.

1 Don't forget......... the letter I gave you.

2 There was a lot of traffic, but we managed ...........to the airport in time.

3 Jill has decided not........................................................................a car.

4 We've got a new computer in our office. I haven't learnt ............it yet.

5 Karen failed................a good impression at the job interview.

6 We were all afraid to speak. Nobody dared .........................anything.

Put the verb into the correct form, to ... or -ing.

1 When I'm tired, I enjoy..........television. It's relaxing, (watch)

2 It was a nice day, so we decided .....................for a walk, (go)

3 It's a nice day. Does anyone fancy .............................for a walk? (go)

4 I'm not in a hurry. I don't mind............................................. (wait)

5 They don't have much money. They can't afford .....out very often. (go)

6 I wish that dog would stop.............................It's driving me mad. (bark)

7 Our neighbour threatened................the police if we didn't stop the noise, (call)

8 We were hungry, so I suggested ...........................dinner early, (have)

9 Hurry up! I don't want to risk......................................the train, (miss)

10 I'm still looking for a job, but I hope ................something soon, (find)

Make a new sentence using the verb in brackets.

1 You've lost weight. (seem)

2 Tom is worried about something, (appear)

3 You know a lot of people. (seem)

4 My English is getting better. (seem)

5 That car has broken down. (appear)

6 David forgets things. (tend)

7 They have solved the problem. (claim)

9. Complete each sentence using what/how/whether + the following verbs: do get go ride say use

1 Do you know ..........to John's house?

2 Can you show me ......................................this washing machine?

3 Would you know .............................if there was a fire in the building?

4 You'll never forget ...................................a bicycle once you've learnt.

5 I was really astonished. I didn't know ................................................

6 I've been invited to the party, but I haven't decided .................................

Unit 6

Text: Food transportation and food marketing

Grammar: Verb (+ object) + to …

Food transportation

Commercial shipping companies transport most of the food from producers to processors and from processors to market. Nearly all fresh foods are perishable and must be shipped quickly. Many vegetable farmers haul their produce to nearby markets soon after it is harvested. Over longer distances, however, refrigerated trucks, railroad cars, and ship help keep perishable produce fresh. Refrigerated vehicles also haul dairy products and frozen foods. In some cases, airplanes transport highly perishable foods, such as fish or expensive foods, such as live lobsters.

Some farmers sell eggs or fresh fruits and vegetables directly to consumers at roadside stands or through home deliveries. Many farmers take produce to a farmers’ market in a nearby city. There food dealers and homemakers can purchase it.

Numerous grain, dairy, and other farmers sell their products directly to a food processor. Many other farmers belong to marketing cooperative. A marketing cooperative collects the products of member farmers. It then sells the products to processors. Farmers sell their livestock to meat packers at large centres called terminal markets or at smaller auction markets.

Most food processors and a number of farmers sell their products to a wholesaler. Wholesalers buy large quantities of a product and then sell smaller amounts to retailers. Food retailers include supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, delicatessens, butcher shops, restaurants, and other businesses that sell food to consumers.

Supermarkets and groceries sell a variety of foods. Other stores sell only one line of food, such as baked goods, fish, or meat. Consumers can buy prepared meals at restaurants and cafeterias. In many office and public buildings, vending machines dispense foods.

Grammar:

Verb (+ object) + to ...

(I want you to ... etc.)